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The national development and reform commission, the state bureau deputy director of energy has been
100 years ago on August 21, lunar July 17, by yunnan folk capital construction funds of China's first hydropower station is established, in stone - kunming dianchi lake hydropower station in the suburban export mantis began construction, started the construction of hydropower station in history. Since the beginning of last century, from small stone is established to at the beginning of this century, the spectacular Yangtze three gorges project, China water through the effulgent 100 years history, built large medium and small size hydropower stations, the total installed capacity of 45,000 more than 2 million kilowatts, breakthrough topped the world first.
Brilliant achievements
The world see China, China water electricity global. Our hydropower cause rapid achievements, making the world.
Checked hydraulic resources. After the founding of the ministry of electric power, water conservancy, fuel separately in 1955, 1958 and 1977-1980 organized three national census and verification of the hydropower resources, the basic condition of hydropower resources in China. During the 2000-2003, the national development and reform committee organized more than 1,000 engineering and technical personnel, the last three years, found out the theory of continental hydropower resources endowment, technology development and economic development can be installed capacity installed capacity. In 2006, the design of hydropower planning (more than 50 technology personnel records the first detailed river.due to bend the yarlung hydropower resources situation. Hydropower resources for our review achievements, exploitation and utilization of water resources provides an important basis.
Hydropower development scale unceasingly to new step. In September 2004, the total breakthrough in hydropower 1 billion kw mark, 2010 to reach 2 million kilowatts, and has become the world's largest hydroelectric power. We use 10 years, realize the hydroelectric power generating capacity of 50 years since the founding of more than doubled the sum of two times, almost beyond hydropower development and utilization of the reform and open policy before from technology can improve to less than 10 percent back hurriedly.
Hydroelectric DAMS technique to enter the international advanced level. China science and technology work always insists on the water science and technology as guide, and constantly improve the hydropower construction and technology progress. So far, including 200 meters high grade, high RCC gravity dam technology can work flow of technology innovation such as the key technology are fully breakthrough. The top of the hydropower engineering career jumped to modern scientific and technological achievements in China, as the highest power technology made outstanding contributions.
Hydroelectric equipment level increased significantly. From 1927 successfully developed the first turbine hydropower equipment, China industrial had already passed over 80 years of history. After the reform and opening up, China's hydropower equipment level unceasingly to a new height, through the three gorges project "technology transfer, digestion and absorption, innovation", the practice of large hydropower equipment manufacturing industry in just seven years time, into the independent design, manufacture and installation of large hydro-generator units. At present, our country has to build capacity of more than 50 million kilowatts and 32, building construction, 109 already built with a total installed capacity of 9075 million kilowatts, construction quantity already built in the world.
The construction of large hydropower capacity, promote, high voltage transmission technology repeatedly new success. After the reform and opening up new era enter, dam, after the construction of large hydropower station, the grid and promote the vigorous development of high voltage power, plump, 220 kv power 330 kv, taping gezhouba hydropower gongboxia hydropower 500kv, xiangjiaba hydropower 750 kv and ± 800 kilovolts dc etc for uhv transmission lines have completed and put into operation, promote grid construction technology unceasing enhancement, reached the leading level of the ac transmission technology.
Hydropower development for national economic and social development has brought great comprehensive benefits. Hydropower construction for economic and social development to provide quality power, in the comprehensive utilization of water resources, energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve the atmospheric environment, promote the development of the western region and development of regional economy, the construction of a new socialist countryside, and flood control, water supply, irrigation, navigation, etc breeding has played an important role. In the past 100 years, China's total 72990 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity generation, the equivalent substitution BiaoMei 270 million tons, about 70 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions reduction, energy-saving and environmental benefit.
Successful experience
Prime movers behind the spiritual world, when frightened. In the past 100 years, several generations of Chinese hydropower people promising, bold innovation, promoting China's hydropower development made outstanding achievements acknowledged, summarizes the successful experience of China's water is to the world's great spiritual wealth.
One is to keep pace with The Times, hydropower development follows the national energy strategy development direction. Our country electric power industry development policy changes, as a national energy strategy hydropower has an important component. In response to climate change in the new situation, ecological protection, properly the solution to the immigration problem under the conditions of developing countries, the development of hydropower become energy policy. From 2000-2009 the past 10 years, hydropower capacity by 7935 million kilowatts increased to 1.97 million kilowatts. In the national energy strategy development under the guidance of national economy, hydropower development and to accelerate the development of building a well-off society all-roundly made an important contribution.
Second is the reform of hydropower development, the diversified development pattern appears. In the country of the reform and opening up and in the market economy for the general reform under the guidance of the orientation of reform, China water in the late 1970s, start now, China, by a single form of hydropower development has the diversification development pattern, for hydropower development injected vigor.
Three is to promote the scientific planning, the sustainable development of hydropower. Through scientific planning and layout, giving priority to the development of hydropower construction, large rivers in China has gradually formed in dadu river, built, wujiang river, Yangtze river and GongShuiHe, nanpanjiang river, the Yellow River, the Yellow River downstream, middle and west, nujiang river and northeast, fujian, zhejiang, etc ShiSanDa hydropower bases of planning, the hydropower resources in China's reasonable exploitation and utilization.
Four is environmental and immigration, realize the hydropower develop in harmony with nature. Over the years, the immigration measure of hydropower development in constant adjustment. Immigration policy from the placement of immigrants to the developmental resettlement work ", realize that immigrants moved, and gradually to get rich "goal, while the developmental immigrants resettlement and new rural construction of socialism organically. Hydropower workers unceasingly strengthens the ascension of the concept of environmental protection, and strive to achieve "in environmental protection, and on the basis of hydropower development and orderly, in developing protection, development and protection in real in the person of hydropower development in harmony with nature.
To reform and opening-up, stubbornness and others at the predecessors' experience and wisdom. In the new situation of reform and opening, we introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment, with foreign rapidly. Established in China, including stone, western civilization and absorption of the technology to power. Emphasize self-reliance, self-directed innovation is not closed and stubbornness.
Six is vigorously promote technological innovation, promote technological progress and accelerate the work of localization process equipment. After years of practice and summarizes and resolutely implement self-innovation, our hydropower dam technique and equipment manufacturing technology and construction equipment modernization level by leaps and bounds, have reached the international advanced level. Hydropower construction cycle shortens greatly, improve the quality of hydropower construction.
Situation and prospect
2009 our government to international society to make "by 2020 the fossil fuels for energy consumption ratio reach 15%, unit of gross domestic product than carbon dioxide emissions -- 45% in 2005, reduce 40% solemn promise". Water and electricity is only the second-largest coal in conventional energy resources, is currently renewable energy resources and the fossils clearly, the most mature technology, clean and the economy of China's energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions hydropower development, low carbon economic functions and effects will increasingly.
The first hydropower resources in our country, the technology can back hurriedly between million kw in current 1.85 billion, kw (conventional) hydropower development utilization of water also only 34%, still far below 60-70% of developed countries average level. According to the latest plan to achieve by 2020, energy saving and emission reduction targets hydropower installed capacity of 380 million kilowatts, must reach 3.3 million kilowatts of conventional water 50 million kilowatts, pumped. We have resolved exploitation and utilization of water, can be ordered to further improve our energy structure and energy saving and emission reduction by 2020 and fossil energy development goals, promote the promise of national economic and social sustainable development.
Entering the 21st century, safe and reliable supply of clean energy resource has become a stable and long-term economic development is the important guarantee of health. Stand in renewable energy and the history of the development of new energy to the new starting point, electricity, see clearly workers hydropower development situation facing the historical opportunity, also should fully understand the hydropower development and environmental protection, immigration problems such as the serious challenge of hydropower development and ecological engineering, make people's livelihood, civilized and harmonious engineering project, benefiting human society, the higher education landscape descendants.
One is to implement the scientific development concept, to maintain the harmonious social harmony. Hydropower Two is to carry out the construction of ecological civilization construction of hydropower development, ecological engineering. Three is to build stable job, immigration and the people's livelihood of hydropower development project. Four is increasing public propaganda, for hydropower hydropower development to create a good social environment. Five is advancing the cascade development and unified dispatching, realize comprehensive benefit of hydropower development. Six is constantly perfecting system of hydropower construction of hydropower construction mechanism, and promoting the sustainable and healthy development.
